18 New Programming Languages Explained Simply | Spark Spotter
Learning a new programming language does more than just teach users about one aspect of coding. It can also help them improve their problem-solving abilities, increase their job opportunities, and gain a better understanding of technology in general.
For example, Dillon Kearns, a software engineer, fell in love with Ruby before discovering the functional programming language Elm.
"Even if an experiment is a failure and you decide not to use the language you tried," Kearns explained, "it makes you look at things in a different way or leads you down a path where you learn about something else."
To that end, we've compiled a list of newer programming languages worth learning.
TOP NEW PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TO LEARN
- F#
- Clojure
- Elixir
- PureScript
- Swift
- Go
- Dart
- Apache Groovy
- Java 17
- Crystal
Languages for Functional Programming
1. F#
F# is an open-source, cross-platform language that falls somewhere between general and functional languages. Many programmers consider F# to be as simple as Python while providing a more seamless experience than C# and Java. This could be because the language avoids the clutter of semicolons, curly brackets, and other symbols, removing the need for developers to clarify their object type. As a result, working in F# makes tasks like list processing and applying complex type definitions easier.
Because of its hybrid nature, F# is also compatible with other styles, such as databases, websites, and.NET entities. Whatever elements designers are working with, the programming language's strong type system can help them find common errors. All of these factors contribute to F#'s flexibility and convenience, which is why it is still a popular programming language.
Important Takeaways:
- Other styles are supported by the hybrid nature.
- A simple design eliminates superfluous symbols.
- The type system detects common mistakes.
2. CLOJURE
Clojure is a general-purpose language designed for concurrency, which means it can handle multiple computations at once. Clojure, on the other hand, is a Lisp language with minimal syntax. These elements help to create a coding environment in which developers can easily preserve code while building on previous projects and making changes as needed.
Because this programming language was designed for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), it works well with any system that uses the JVM. It's no surprise that many companies, including Adobe, Apple, and Netflix, have added Closure to their tech stacks.
Click the banner for course
Important Takeaways:
- Allows for simultaneous computations.
- The syntax is kept to a minimum.
- It is compatible with JVM and other JVM-related systems.
3. ELIXIR
"There was a subset of the Ruby community that went down the Erlang rabbit hole and came out with Elixir," said Grove senior developer David Rogers.
With the functional programming concepts of a language like Haskell, Elixir is easier to write than Erlang. Elixir is built on the Erland virtual machine, which is ideal for low-latency distributed systems. The platform places a premium on scalability and fault tolerance. Messages are sent between lightweight threads of events or processes. These processes can run in parallel, maximizing machine resources and making scaling vertically or horizontally easier. If something goes wrong, the platform displays the last known working state to the developer.
Click the banner for course
Important Takeaways:
- Compatible with the virtual machine Erland.
- Concurrent processes are supported by lightweight threads.
- Simple vertical and horizontal scaling.
4. PURESCRIPT
PureScript is a JavaScript-compliant purely functional programming language. PureScript, which is most similar to Haskell, is best suited for developing web applications and server-side applications. It employs algebraic data types, pattern matching, and type classes in the same way that Haskell does.
Because PureScript's types are expressive and support type inference, it necessitates far fewer explicit type annotations than other languages. One of its most significant advantages is its compatibility with other JavaScript-targeting languages.
Click the banner for course
Important Takeaways:
- Ideal for creating web and server-side applications.
- Type inference is supported by types.
- It is compatible with other JavaScript-dependent languages.
5. SWIFT
Swift is an Apple-developed general-purpose compiled programming language that allows developers to create software for phones, servers, desktops, and pretty much anything else that runs on code.
Swift was created to be a replacement for Apple's previous programming language, Objective-C. It incorporates ideas from other languages such as Objective-C, Rust, Ruby, and Python to help reduce common programming errors.
The language combines powerful type inference with a modernized syntax that aids in the clear expression of ideas through code. Swift is an especially valuable skill for those looking for iOS developer jobs in 2023.
Click the banner for course
Important Takeaways:
- Allows software for phones, desktop computers, and other devices.
- Apple's Objective-C successor.
- Type interference and syntax have been modernized.
Languages for Procedural Programming
6. GO
Go is a C-style language created by Google engineering leaders. Go has advantages and disadvantages. It is faster than C++ or Java and more typesafe than Ruby or Python.
Some disadvantages: Typing is time-consuming. Signed and unsigned integers, as well as integer sizes, cannot be mixed. There are also some notable omissions in Go: There are no generics, nor is there inheritance. And if the use of curly brackets instead of parentheses makes your blood boil, leave now.
However, Go's simplicity has some distinct advantages. The language, in particular, is simple to learn. There is less hiding behind the written code, and the lack of inheritance aids developers in avoiding webs of dependencies, making it a viable data science language in 2023. Tight definitions and thread safety appear to be Go priorities, according to Rogers.
Important Takeaways:
- Strict typing and syntax requirements.
- With no inheritance, navigation is simpler.
- Thread safety is prioritized.
7. DART
DART is an acronym for Object-Oriented Programming Languages.
Dart, another C-style language from Google, is similar to JavaScript but with type safety. It can compile to JavaScript, Java for Android, native machine code, or a standalone Dart VM with ease. It is also capable of running back-end code.
Dart is ideal for creating user interfaces using event-driven code. The hot reload command allows developers to see changes to their applications in real time.
Other benefits of Dart, according to one Dart team member, include optional static types, minimal compile-time errors, and a powerful built-in editor.
Important Takeaways:
- Compiles to JavaScript, Android Java, and other platforms.
- Excellent for creating user interfaces with event-driven code.
- Developers can see changes in real time.
8. APACHE GROOVY
Apache Groovy integrates with the Java platform and was created to make the lives of Java developers easier. The programming language features concise and flexible syntax, allowing developers to complete projects in less time. This characteristic is also one of the many reasons why Apache Groovy has a flat learning curve, rivaling the simplicity of languages such as Python.
Because Apache Groovy supports both static and dynamic languages, developers do not have to choose between the two. These characteristics are what make Apache Groovy a great programming language for testing. Because the syntax is intended to be testable, many Java developers have embraced this language.
Important Takeaways:
- Concise syntax expedites projects.
- Java developers will find it simple to learn.
- Ideal for testing purposes.
9. JAVA 17
While the Java lineage spans two decades, Java 17 puts a new spin on this well-known programming language. This most recent Java version uses a simpler syntax, which addresses the wordiness of previous Java versions. In addition to confusing syntax, previous Java versions lacked a good way to troubleshoot bugs when a program failed. Java 17 includes a NullPointException feature that detects faulty variables.
To keep up with technological advancements, Java 17 includes the most recent updates that make it compatible with the cloud and newer Apple computers. Developers and organizations now have more options for incorporating Java into their technology stacks.
Important Takeaways:
- Syntax is simpler than in previous Java versions.
- This feature allows you to isolate variables during program failures.
- Compatible with the cloud as well as the most recent Apple computers.
10. CRYSTAL
Crystal is an object-oriented programming language with simple syntax, which is especially appealing to Ruby developers because the language is inspired by Ruby's simple syntax. Because the language is static, it can detect errors earlier in the development process. This feature prevents teams from making costly mistakes during runtime, such as missing null references.
Crystal also includes built-in type inference, so developers don't have to specify which language they're using every time. Concurrency with a fiber system is also supported by Crystal, allowing developers to perform more computations without depleting memory.
Important Takeaways:
- Ruby's syntax is simple.
- Errors are detected early in the development process.
- Workflows are streamlined by built-in type inference.
11. PONY
Pony is a language that uses the actor model as well as something called reference capabilities. It is based on data-race-free typing and garbage collection.
The ability to refer to data forces the programmer to label data as mutable, immutable, or isolated. If the data is mutable, the compiler does not allow the programmer to exchange the data between actors because two actors accessing mutable data at the same time may make contradictory updates, or the data may become corrupted. The ability to refer to data keeps it safe and eliminates the need for locks to prevent concurrent data updates. Concurrent programs run faster when there are no locks.
Pony has a low API stability, a small number of high-quality third-party libraries, and limited native tooling.
Important Takeaways:
- Based on garbage collection and data-race-free typing.
- Labeling data is required for reference capabilities.
- There are no high-quality third-party libraries.
12. TYPESCRIPT
Microsoft maintains TypeScript, an open-source static type system built on top of JavaScript. So it's JavaScript, but with fewer pitfalls. To prevent runtime bugs, the TypeScript compiler checks for type mismatches and generates compile-time errors.
TypeScript may look especially familiar to Java users: "When you look at TypeScript — or at Angular code, which is all written in TypeScript — the code looks like Java 8. It only required some annotations and types, and look! "It's Java," Rogers explained.
Important Takeaways:
- Built on top of JavaScript with additional security features.
- The compiler prevents runtime errors.
- The code is similar to that of Java 8.
Other Programming Languages You Should Know
13. JULIA
Julia is a general-purpose programming language that can be used to create almost any application. However, in 2023, its fast and heavy-lifting capabilities will make it useful for computational science, numerical analysis, and especially big data analytics and other data analysis tasks. Julia is well-known for being a high-performance, dynamically typed, and reproducible language.
Julia has applications ranging from data visualization to machine learning. It is used for risk calculations by British insurer Aviva, financial modeling by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and climate change modeling by the Climate Modeling Alliance. It is one of the most sought-after new languages to learn due to its functional interfaces for Fortran, C++, R, Java, C, and Python.
Important Takeaways:
- This makes it ideal for computational science and numerical analysis.
- Language that is dynamic and reproducible.
- Provides functional interfaces for C++, R, Python, and other programming languages.
14. KOTLIN
Kotlin is a faster and more streamlined version of Java that runs in the Java Virtual Machine. It is now one of the most popular programming languages for Android development. According to the Android developer site, programmers switched to a Kotlin-first approach because the language has less boilerplate code, fewer null pointer exceptions, and Java interoperability.
Kotlin is useful for iOS and Android applications, programs that do not require additional runtime or virtual machines, and server-side applications.
Important Takeaways:
- It is compatible with the Java Virtual Machine.
- Null pointer exceptions and boilerplate code have been reduced.
- Excellent for creating iOS and Android applications.
15. PYTHON 3
Even if you're familiar with Python 2, Python 3 will surprise you. It differs significantly from the previous version, according to Rogers.
So, why make the change? Python 3 has more intuitive code and improved type safety. The distinctions between binary code, Unicode, and plain text are easier to understand. It also includes new commands such as asyncio, which reduces threading issues, and concurrent.futures, which launches parallel tasks.
Important Takeaways:
- Type safety and more intuitive code.
- There are distinct differences between the codes.
- Commands like asyncio are useful.
16. REASON
What if JavaScript were faster, easier to learn, and typesafe? That's the question Reason's creator, a Facebook developer, set out to answer. Instead of creating a new language from scratch, he modified OCaml, a language that is syntactically similar to JavaScript at runtime, to look like JavaScript.
Reason compiles to JavaScript equivalents using the ReScript project and can be run in-browser. It also has the ability to compile to barebone assembly, iOS, Android, and microcontrollers.
"You'll notice that most of these languages are gaining popularity as a result of JavaScript's flaws and pervasiveness," Rogers added.
Reason, like OCaml, is functional and immutable, but it allows users to enable objects and mutation. Its type system encompasses every line of code and infers types when none are defined, resulting in guaranteed type accuracy after compilation.
Important Takeaways:
- The goal is to make OCaml look more like JavaScript.
- JavaScript, iOS, and Android are all supported.
- Guaranteed type accuracy in type inference.
17. RED
Red is a programming language that was created to overcome the limitations of the language Rebol. Red, which was introduced in 2011 and is influenced by languages such as Rebol, Lua, and Scala, is useful for both high- and low-level programming.
The language can be used to create anything from high-level graphical user interfaces to low-level operating systems. Red has a human-friendly syntax, a small memory footprint, and garbage collection. Its second component, Red/System, is similar to C and allows for the programming of many low-level programming capabilities.
Important Takeaways:
- Rebol, Lua, and Scala all had an impact.
- Allows for high- and low-level programming.
- The syntax is simple and has a small memory footprint.
18. RUST
Rust addresses some of the same issues as Go, such as thread safety and system-level process safety, but with a focus on longevity, backwards compatibility, and stability.
Rust, like Go, has C-style syntax. However, unlike Go and C++, Rust includes a memory-safety-focused "borrow checker" that ensures any data being referenced is still present. This, combined with assigning code to potential edge cases in order to please the compiler, can slow down developers.
However, the language's static typing and lack of garbage collection can help things move faster.
Direct memory access allows programmers to write low-level code such as operating system kernels. Rust is also well-suited to embedded devices, network services, and command-line editing. For several years, it was voted the most popular language on Stack Overflow.
Important Takeaways:
- It adds longevity to safety concerns.
- The borrow checker verifies referenced data.
- Processes are sped up by static typing and no garbage collection.
Comments
Post a Comment